Co-operative Laws


Indias first web portal dedicated to co-operative sector

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(1) `oH$ gWm Amn`m gX`mMr EH$ ZmoXdhr R>odrc d VrV nwT>rc Vnerc ZmoX[d`mV `oBc Vmo Agm (H$) `oH$ gX`mMo Zmd nVm d `dgm` (I) ^mJ ^mS>dc AgUm`m gWo`m ~m~VrV `oH$ gX`mZo YmaU H$ococm ^mJ (J) `oH$ `ŠVrg gX` hUyZ XmIc H$Z KoV`mMm [XZmH$ . (K) Aer H$moUVrhr `ŠVr gX` Ag`mMo ~X Pm`mMm [XZmH$ Am{U (S>) [d{hV H$a`mV `oBc Agm BVa Vnerc . naVw `m A[Y[Z`_mXmao [H$dm VXd`o EImm gWoZo EImm gX`mg _w`ZVa d:Mm ^mJ [H$dm [hVg~Y H$moU`mhr `$sH$S>o hVmarV H$a`mg nadmZJr {Xcr Agoc `m~m~VrV `m ZmoXdhrV g~YrV gX`m`m ZmdmnwT>o `m gX`m`m ^mJmda [H$dm {hVg~Ymda h$ Agco`m `$sMo Zmd Am[U `m {XZmH$mg Zm_[ZXo}e ZmoXdco Agoc Vmo [XZmH Xe[dc $ (2) hr ZmoXdhr H$moU`mhr `$sg `m [XZmH$mg gX` hUyZ XmIc H$Z KoVco Agoc `m [XZmH$mMm Am[U `m [XZmH$mg gX` Ag`mMo ~X Pmco Agoc `m [XZmH$mMm W_XeZr nwamdm Amho . A[Y[Z`_ B`mXrMr V VnmgUr gmR>r Iwcr AgUo . 39.`oH$ gWm [V`m ZmoXco`m n`mda A[Y{Z`_mMr, [Z`_mMr d [V`m Cn[dYrMr Am[U gX`mMm `mXrMr EH$ V H$m_m`m doimV [H$dm gWoZo `mgmR>r R>a[dco`m H$moU`mhr doimV OZVocm VnmgUrgmR>r [dZm_w` Iwcr R>odrc . 40. (1) H$m_H$mOm`m H _mV [Z`_rVnUo R>od`mV Amco`m gWo`m H$OmV Agco`m nwVH$mVrc, ZmoXdhrVrc [H$dm `mXrVrc H$moU`mhr ZmoXrMr V [d{hV H$a`mV `oBc Aem arVrZo Vr `Wmo[MV[a`m _mUrV H$ococr Ag`mg CŠV ZmoX A[VdmV Ag`m[df`mMm nwamdm hUyZ Jm` hmoBc Am[U _yi ZmoX gmXa H$ocr AgVm `mV Z_yX H$oco`m JmoQ>r d `dhma [gX H$a`mgmR>r nwamdm hUyZ `m ~m~VrV d `m _`mXo n`V Vr Jm g_O`mV Amcr AgVr. `m `oH$ ~m~VrV d `m _`mXon`V Aer V Aem JmoQ>rMm d `dhmamMm nwamdm hUyZ drH$ma`mV `oBc . $ (2) am` emgZ gdgmYaU [H$dm {deof AmXoemXmao [ZXoerV H$arc Aem gWm`m ~m~VrV `m H$moU`mhr H$m`Xoera H$m`dmhrV Aer gWm nmH$ma Zgoc Aem H$m`dmhrV Aem gWo`m H$moU`mhr nX[YH$m`mg `m`mc`mZo [H$dm `m`m[YemZo [deof H$maUmdZ Vgm AmXoe [Xcocm Ag`m[em` `mVrc _OH$ya nyddVu nmoQ>H$c_md`o {gX H$aVm `oC eH$oc Ago gWoMo H$moUVohr nwVH$ hOa H$a`mgmR>r [H$dm `mV Z_wX H$oco`m JmoQ>r, `dhma d coIo [gX H$a`mgmR>r gmmrXma hUyZ hOa amh`mg ^mJ nmS>Vm `oUma Zmhr . gWoMo ^mJ d F$Uno `m g~Yr`m gcoImZm gŠVr`m ZmoXUrnmgwZ gyQ> 41. ^maVr` ZmoXUr A{Y{Z`_ 1908 `mVrc H$c_ 17 nmoQ>H$c_ (1) IS> (I)d(J)_Yrc H$moUVohr JmoQ> nwT>rc ~m~VrV cmJy AgUma Zmhr . (I) gWoZo H$mT>cocr F$Uno YmaU H$oco`m `ŠVr`m [hVmgmR>r [ddVmH$S>o `m ZmoXco`m coImZwgma Aem gWoZo Amncr gnyU Wmda _mc_Vm [H$dm [VMm H$moUVmhr ^mJ [H$dm [V`mVrc H$moUVmhr [hVg~Y hr [ddV`dWm hUyZ JhmZ {Xcr AgVrc A[^hVarV H$ocr AgVrc [H$dm `mOH$S>o A`Wm hVmarV H$ocr AgVrc `m gcoImZwgma [_imco`m VmaUmda Aem F$Unm_wio Vo YmaU H$aUm`m `$sg OoWda h m hmoVmo Vo IoarOH$Z `m F$UnmdZ Wmda _mc_omg~Yr H$moUVmhr h$ dm{_d [H$dm {hVg~Y [Z_mU hmoV Zgoc A[^hVm[H$V hmoV Zgoc _`m{XV [H$dm [Z^mdr hmoV Zgoc Aer H$moU`mhr gWoZo H$moT>cocr H$moUVohr F$Uno [H$dm (H$) H$moU`mhr gWoZo H$mT>co`m H$moU`mhr F$UnVmdarc nR>mZ [H$dm [H$dm Aem F$UnmMo hVmaU . 42. (1) am` emgZ amOnmVrc A[YgyMZoXmao H$moU`mhr gWo`m [H$dm gWm`m dJm`m ~m~VrV Imcr R>a[d`m_mUo Oo _wmH$ ewH$ \$s [H$dm BVa H$a cmX`mg am` emgZ gm_ Agoc `m~m~VrV (gnyU am`mV [H$dm `m`m H$moU`mhr ^mJmV ^mdr [H$dm nydcmr^mdmgh Agmo nyT>rc ewH$ \$s [H$dm BVa H$a H$_r H$aVm `oVrc [H$dm `mnmgwZ gyQ> XoVm `oBc . AmH$maUr nmgyZ gyQ> Xo`mMm A[YH$ma a$_ naV H$a`mMm A[YH$ma (H$)gWoZo [H$dm gWo`m dVrZo {H$dm gWo`m H$moU`mhr A[YH$m`mZo [H$dm gX`mZo H$Z [Xco`m Am[U gWo`m H$m_H$mOmg~Yr`m coImda [H$dm Aem coIm`m H$moU`mhr dJmda [H$dm `m A[Y[Z`_md`o [Z~YH$mZo [H$dm ghH$mar `m`mc`mZo [Xco`m naV [ZdS>`mda AZwH _o `mdoir A_cmV Agco`m _wmH$g~Yr`m H$moU`mhr H$m`md`o AmH$maUr`om`$ _wmH$ ewH$ . (I) gWoZo [H$dm gWo`m dVrZo XVmEodOmMo ZmoXUr H$a`mg~Yr`m Am[U `m`mc` \$s g~Yr`m `mdoir A_cmV Agco`m BVa H$moU`mhr H$m`md`o md`m`m H$moUVrhr \$s Am[U (J) `mdoir A_cmV Agco`m BVa H$moU`mhr md`md`o gWoZo [H$dm gWo`m dVrZo md`mMm BVa H$a [H$dm \$s [H$dm ewH ([H$dm `mMm H$moUVmhr ^mJ)$ (2) am` emgZmg `m`mH$S>y>Z AmXoemXmao [ZYmarV H$a`mV `oBc Aem n[a[WVrV Aem _`mXon`V Am[U Aem AQ>rg d eVrg Vem H$moU`mhr AQ>r d eVu Ag`mg AYrZ amhZ nmoQ>H$c_ (1) Ad`o [_imcocm {ZYr gwamrV ahmdm g~YrV gWo`m [H$dm gWm`m C[XQ>m`m A^dXrgmR>r Aem [ZYrMm `mo` dmna H$a`mV `mdm `mgmR>r Oa [Z~YH$m`m _Vo Vgo H$aUo Amd`H$ Agoc Va `mg gm_m` [H$dm {deof AmXoemXmao `m A[V[aŠV eVrZm AYrZ amhZ Am[U `m _`mXon`V Aem gWog [H$dm gWm`m dJmg R>odr drH$maVm `oVrc F$UnUo H$mT>Vm `oVrc [H$dm _`dVu ~H$o`Vr[aŠ eVu d _`mXm H$moU`mhr gWoda [H$dm o Aem gWm`m dJmda cmXVm `oVrc .$ gZ 1972 Mm _hmam>— A[Y[Z`_ H _mH 40 H$c_ 2 (1) d (2) Ad`o H$c_ 42 cm nmoQ>H$c_ (1) Agm ZdrZ H _mH$ Xo`mV Amcm Am{U nmoQ>H$c_ (2) OmXm XmIc H$a`mV Amco $.$$> darc A[Y{Z`_m`m H$c_ 2 (1) Ad`o gyQ> XoVm `oBc `m _OH$w$amEodOr hm _OH$wa XmIc H$a`mV Amcm . gZ 1972 Mm _hmam>— A[Y[Z`_ H _mH 40 H$c_ 2 (3) Ad`o OmXm XmIc H$a`mV Amcm$.$$ gZ 1974 Mm _hmam>— A[Y[Z`_ H _mH 3 H$c_ 8 Ad`o [H$dm `m`m Zm_[Z[XQ> `$sZo [H$dm Aem `$s`m _S>imZo `m _OH$wamEodOr hm _OH$wa XmIc H$a`mV Amcm $.$$ gZ 1972 Mm _hmam>— A[Y[Z`_ H _mH 40 H$c_ 2 (1) d (2) Ad`o H$c_ 42 cm nmoQ>H$c_ (1) Agm ZdrZ H _mH$ Xo`mV Amcm Am{U nmoQ>H$c_ (2) OmXm XmIc H$a`mV Amco $.$$ gZ 1963 Mm _hmam>— A[Y[Z`_ H _mH 33 H$c_ 8 Ad`o H$c_ 43 `mg nmoQ>H$c_ (1) Agm ZdrZ H _mH$ $Xo`mV Amcm $. $$ darc A[Y[Z`_m`m H$c_ 9 Ad`o nmoQ>H$c_ (2) OmXm XmIc H$a`mV Amco . H$O Xo`mMm YmoaUmMo [Z`_ 44. (1) H$moUVrhr gWm gX`m`VrarŠV BVa H$moU`mhr `ŠVrg [H$dm Amn`m d:`m ^mJm`m VmamZmda H$O XoUma Zmhr . naVw gWog [Z~YH$m`m {deof _OwarZo Xwg`m gWocm H$O XoVm `oVrc . (2) nydJm_r nmoQ>H$c_mV H$mhrhr AV^wV Agco Varhr gWog R>odrXmamcm `m`m R>odr`m VmaUmda H$O XoVm `oBc . (3) Oa am` emgZm`m _Vo g~YrV gWo`m [H$dm gWm`m [hVm`m XQ>rZo Vgo H$aUo Amd`H$ Agoc Va am` emgZmg gm_m` [H$dm [deof AmXoemXmao H$moU`mhr gWog [H$dm gWm`m dJmg H$moU`mhr _mc_Vo`m VmaUmda aŠH$_ H$OmC Xo`mg _ZmB H$aVm `oBc `mda [Z~Y KmcVm `oBc [H$dm `mMo [Z`_Z H$aVm `oBc . naVw g~YrV gWo`m [H$dm gWm`m {ZYrMm gwa[mVVoMr Imr H$Z Ko`mgmR>r `m`m C[XQ>mMm A[^dXrgmR>r Aem {ZYrMm `mo` dmna H$a`mV `mdm `mgmR>r Am[U Vmo [Z`_mV o d Cn[dYrV KmcyZ [Xco`m H$O Xo`mMm _`mXrV R>odVm `mdm `mgmR>r [Z~YH$mg [eIa ~H$o`m _m`oVoZo H$moU`mhr gWog [H$dm gWm`m dJmg Amn`m gX`mZm [H$dm gWmZm `m _`mXon`V `m eVuda Am{U `m nXVrZo H$O XoVm `oVrc Vr _`mXm d `m eVu d Vr nXV `mMo gm_m` [H$dm [deof AmXoemXmao AmUIr [Z`_Z H$aVm `oBc . {dd[mV H$aUm_`o `mOmda _`mXm . 44. H$. H$moU`mhr H$amam_`o [H$dm `mdoir A_cmV Agco`m H$moU`mhr H$m`m_`o H$mhrhr AV^wV Agco Var EImXr gWm (ghH$mar ~H$ YZ) naVw H fr Am[U Jm_rZ [dH$mg dJiwZ OmVrV OmV 15 dfmnomm A[YH$ Zgoc BVŠ`m H$mcmdYrgmR>r gX` gWm YZ H$moU`mhr gX`mg [VZo [Xco`m H$moU`mhr H$Om`m nwZdgZ H$O YZ naVw nmQ>~Ymao [H$dm H$fr {dH$mg `moOZmgmR>r Agcocr XrK _wXVrMo H$O [H$dm ma^mZVa Xo`mV Amococo Agmo `mOmnomQ>r H$Om`m _wc aH$_onomm A[YH$ _moR>r a$_ H$moU`mhr arVrZo dgyc H$aUma Zmhr . gX` Zgoco`m `ŠVr~amo~a BVa `dhma H$a`mda {Z~Y 45. `m A{Y[Z`_mV VaVyX H$ocr Agoc `m `$sarŠ$ gWoZo gX`m`VrarŠ$ BVa `ŠVrer H$amd`mMo `dhma ho [dhrV H$a`mV `oVrc Aem {Z~YZm (Vgo [Z~Y Ag`mg ) AYrZ amhVrc . gX`mMm ^mJ [H$dm [hVg~Y `m`m ~m~VrVrc ^mJ d dOmdQ>. 46 . H$moU`mhr gX`mH$S>y>Z [H$dm _mOr gX`mH$S>y>Z [H$dm _V gX`mH$S>y>Z `m`m gnXoYyZ gWog `oUo Agco`m H$moU`mhr F$UmMm g~YmV gWo`m ^mS>dcmV Aem gX`mMm [H$dm _mOr gX`mMm [H$dm _V gX`mMm Omo ^mJ [H$dm [hVg~Y Agoc `m ^mJmda [H$dm [hVg~Ymda d `m`m R>odrda Am[U Aem gX`mg md`m`m H$moU`mhr cm^meda A[Ycm^eda [H$dm Z`mda gWoMm ^ma amhrc Am[U gWoV Aem gX`mMm Zmdo O_m H$oco`m [H$dm `mg md`m`m H$moU`mhr aH$_oMr Ago H$moUVohr F$U \$oS`m`m H$m_r dOmdQ> H$aVm `oBc . > gZ 1963 Mm _hmam>— A[Y[Z`_ H _mH 33 H$c_ 9 Ad`o `m naVwH$mMr ^a Kmc`mV Amcr$.$$ gZ 1986 Mm _hmam>— A[Y[Z`_ H _mH 20 H$c_ 19 Ad`o H$c_ 44 H$ ~Xcr XmIc H$a`mV Amcm$.$$ gZ 1988 Mm _hmam>— A[Y[Z`_ H _mH 10 H$c_ 8 Ad`o ^w[dH$mg ~H$ `m eXmEodOr ho eX XmIc H$a`mV Amco $.$$ naVw H$moU`mhr ghH$mar ~H$og H$c_ 71 Ad`o gWoZo WmnZ H$oco`m ^{d` {Zdmh [ZYrVyZ {H$dm amIrd {ZYrVyZ Aem ~H$oV gWoZo JwVdco`m H$moU`mhr aH$_oda ^ma R>odVm `oUma Zmhr Am{U H$moU`mhr gaH$mar ~H$og gX`mH$S>y>Z Xo` Agco`m H$moU`mhr F$UmMm \$oS>rgmR>r Aem H$moU`mhr aH$_oMr ~OdmQ> H$a`mMm h$ AgUma Zmhr . $ 47. (1) `m `mdoir A_cmV Agco`m BVa H$moU`mhr H$m`mV H$mhrhr AV^V Agco naVw O_rZ _hgwcr g~Yr`m [H$dm O_rZ _hgycr_mUo dgwc H$aVm `oBc Aem H$moU`mhr nemg~Yr`m emgZm`m AJhŠH$m`m Am[U [XdmZr [H `m g[hVm 1908 Mr H$c_o 60 d 61 `m`m VaVwXrZm AYrZ amhZ :$ (H$) gWog H$moU`mhr gX`mH$S>>yZ [H$dm _mOr gX`mH$S>y>Z [H$dm _V gX`mH$S>y>Z `oUo Agcoco H$moUVohr F$U [H$dm `m`mH$S>o ~mH$s Agcocr _mJUrMr a$_ hr : (EH$) Aem gX`mZo [H$dm _mOr gX`mZo [H$dm _V gXg`mZo gWoH$S>y>Z KoVco`m H$Om`m gm`mZo [H$dm `m[edm` gnyUV [H$dm AeV H$mT>co`m [nH$mda [H$dm eoVr`m BVa Cnmda (XmoZ) gWo`m AJh$. 47.(1) `m `mdoir A_cmV Agco`m BVa H$moU`mhr H$m`mV H$mhrhr AV^yV Agco Var naVw O_rZ _hgwcmg~Yr`m {H$dm O_rZ _hgwcm_mUo dgwc H$aVm `oBc Aem H$moU`mhr nemg~Yr`m emgZm`m AmJh$m`m Am{U {XdmZr {H `m ghrVm 1908 Mr H$c_o 60 d 61 `m`m VaVwXrZm AYrZ amhZ $ 1908 Mm 5 (H$) gWog H$moU`mhr gX`mH$Sy>Z {H$dm _mOr gX`mH$Sy>Z {H$dm _V gX`mH$Sy>Z `oUo Agcoco H$moUVohr F$U {H$dm `m`m H$S>o ~mH$s Agcocr _mJUrMr a$_ hr (EH$) Aem gX`mZo {H$dm _mOr gX`mZo {H$dm _V gX`mZo gWoH$Sy>Z KoVco`m H$Om`m gmZo {H$dm `m{edm` gnyUV {H$dm AeV H$mT>co`m {nH$mda {H$dm eoVr`m BVa Cnmda , (XmoZ)gWoZo nem`m {H$dm _mcm`m dnmV Aem gX`mg _mOr gX`mg {H$dm _V gX`mg {Xco`m H$moU`mhr H$Om`m ghm`mZo gnyUV AeX `mcm nwa{dco`m {H$dm `mZo IaoXr Ho$co`m H$moU`mhr Jwamda, Jwam`m daUrda, eoVr`m {H$dm CmoJm`m AmOmdamda {H$dm ` gm_Jrda {H$dm dVw {Z_uVrgmR>r cmJUm`m H$`m _mcmda {H$dm H$_emimda JmoXm_mda {H$dm Ym`m OmJoda Am{U (VrZ)gX`mZo gWoH$S>o VmaUJhmU hUyZ VmaU hUyZ {H$dm A`Wm JhmU hUyZ R>odcr Agoc d Or `m`m A{^amoV Agoc Aem H$moU`mhr OJ_ _mc_moda W_ ^ma amhrc. (I)^mS>o.^mJ H$O {H$dm IaoXrYZ {H$dm BVa H$moUVohr h$ {H$dm gWocm md`mMo H$moU`mhr _mJUr`m ~mH$s aH$_m {H$dm XoUr hr Aem gWo`m Wmda _mc_moda Aem gX`mMm Omo {hVg~Y Agoc `mdarc W_ ^ma amhrc. n>rH$aU O_rZ _hgwcm`Vr[a$ BVa Xo` aH$_m`m g~YmVrc emgZmMm AJh$ hm nmoQ>H$c_ (1) `m `omOZmgmR>r , `m`m g~YmV emgZmMm Xm~m Agoc Aem {Z{YVyZ gX`mZo {Z_mU H$co`m _monwaVmM _`mXrV amhrc. (2) nydJm_r nmoQ>H$c_md`o ^mam`m AYrZ Agcoco H$moUVohr _mc_mm {H$dm _mc_modarc {hVg~Y gWo`m nydnadmZJr dmMyZ H$moU`mhr arVrZo hVmarV H$aVm `oUma ZmhrV d Ago hVmaU gWm `m eVu (Vem eVu Ag`mg) cmXmc `mg AYrZ amhrc . (3)nmoQ>H$c_ (2) `m VaVwXrMo C„KZ H$Z H$ococo H$moUVohr hVmaU {ZaWH$ Agoc. (4)nmoQ>H$c_o (2) d (3) `mV H$mhrhr AV^yV Agoc Var `m gWoZo EH$ CXr> Amn`m gX`m`m Cnm`m {dZr`moJ H$aUo ho Agoc Aem gWog {V`m Cn{dYrg nwT>rc_mUo VaVyX H$aVm `oBc {H$dm A`Wm Amn`m gX`mer nwT>rc_mUo gdrXm H$aVm `oBc (H$) Agm `oH$ gX` Amn`m CnmMm {d{Z`moJ gWo_m\ V H$arc Am{U. (I)Or H$moUVrhr gX`, Cn{dYrMm {H$dm Aem H$moU`mhr g{dXoMm ^J Ho$`m~c Xmofr Ag`mMo AmT>iyZ Amco Agoc Vmo Cn{dYrV {dZr{Y> H$a`mV `oBc Aem arVrZo R>a{dco`m H$moU`mhr hmZr~c gWog ^anmB XoBc. {ddmrV gWmH$Sy>Z H$O KoUm`m gX`m`m Wmda _mc_moda ^ma. 48. `m A{YZr`_mV {H$dm `m `mdoir A_cmV Agco`m BVa H$moU`mhr H$m`mV AV^V Agco Var (H$) gWoMm gX` Agcocr H$moUVrhr `$s H$O {_i{d`mgmR>r `m gWoH$S>o AO H$arc Vohm Vr `$s {V`m _mcH$sMr H$moUVrhr O_rZ Ag`mg {H$dm H$moU`mhr O_rZrV H$iy hUyZ {VMm {hVg~Y Ag`mg, {dhrV Ho$co`m Z_w`mV `m~m~V VrkmnU H$arc Aem {Vkm nmV gWm Or H$_mc _`mXm R>adrc, `mg AYrZ amhZ AOmZwgma gWm gX`mg XoBc Vr H$OmMr a$_ MwH$Vr H$a`mgmR>r Am{U Agm gX` hUyZ gWm `mcm XoBc `m `mZo _mJrVco`m AmJm_r AmJmD$ aH$_ogmR>r (Vem aH$_m Ag`mg )Am{U Ago H$O Am{U AmJmD$ aH$_m `mdarc `mOmgmR>r {VkmnZmV {dZr{X> H$a`mV Amco`m O_rZrda {H$dm {hV g~Ymda `mXmao AOXmao ^ma {Z_mU H$ocm Amho, ho Z_wX H$a`mV `oBc. (I) hm A{YZr`_ A_cmV `o`m`m {XZmH$mnydu gWoMm gX` Agco`m H$moU`mhr `$sZo Aem gWoH$Sy>Z H$O KoVco Am{U {V`m _mcH$sMr H$moUVrhr O_rZ Agoc {H$dm Hy$i hUyZ {VMm O_rZrV {hVg~Y Agoc Am{U Cn[a{Z{X> {XZmnydu {VZo Ago {VkmZn AmYrM H$ococo Zgoc Va Vr `$s `mZVa eŠ` [VVŠ`m cdH$a IS> (H$) _`o C„oI Ho$co`m Z_w`mV d Vem AWmMo VrnmXZ H$arc Am{U Aem H$moU`mhr `$sg {VZo Ago {VnmXZ Ho$`m{edm` d Vo H$aon`V gWoMm gX` `m Zm`mZo H$moUVmhr A{YH$ma ~Omd`mMm h$ AgUma Zmhr. (J)IS> (H$){H$dm (I) Ad`o Ho$co`m {VkmnmV `m gWo`m Zmdo Agm ^ma {Z_mU H$a`mV Amcm Agoc `m gWo`m AZw_VrZo gX`mg H$moU`mhr doir \o$a\$ma H$aVm `oBc. (K)IS> (H$) {H$dm (I) Ad`o Ho$co`m {VkmnZmV {d{Z{X> Ho$co`m O_rZrMm {H$dm `m_Yrc {hVg~YmMm gnyU {H$dm H$moUVmhr ^mJ, H$moU`mhr gX`mg H$OmD KoVcocr gnyU a$_ d `mdarc `mO `mMr nyU naV\o$S> hmoBn`V A`gH$m{_V H$aVm `oUma Zmhr.$ naVw Aem O_rZrcm {H$dm {V`m H$moU`mhr ^mJmcm H$mc`mVrc nmUr nwa{d`mgmR>r _w~B nmQ>~Ymao A{YZr`_ 1879* `m Ad`o Ho$co`m _w~B`m H$mc`m~m~V {Z`_mZwgma {H$dm `m `mdoir A_cmV Agco`m Vg_ H$m`mZwgma (Aem O_r{Z`m {H$dm {V`m H$moU`mhr ^mJm`m g~YmV(H$fr Am{U Jm_rZ {dH$mg ~Ho$`m ) {H$dm am` emgZm`m Zmdo gX`mZo JhmUIV H$Z XoUo ho H$m`Xoera Agoc . 1879 Mm _w~B 7. naVw AmUIr Ago H$s gX`mZo H$O hUyZ KoVco`m aH$_oMm H$mhr ^mJ MwH$Vm Agoc Va (gWoZo `m _`dVu ~Ho$H$Sy>Z H$O KoVco Agoc `m ~Ho$`m g_VrZo gWog)gX`mH Sy>Z AO H$a`mV Am`mda IS>(H$) {H$dm (I) Ad`o Ho$co`m {VkmnZmV {d{Z{X> Ho$co`m OJ_ {H$dm Wmda _mc_moMm {Vcm `mo` dmQ>oc Agm ^mJ gX`oH$S>o ~mH$s amhrco`m aH$_o~c Xo`mV Amcoco VmaU {dMmamV KoCZ CŠV {VkmnZmd`o {Z_mU Ho$co`m ^mamVyZ _wŠV H$aVm `oBc : (S>) IS> (K) `m VaVwXrMo C„KZ H$Z H$coco H$moUVohr A`gm_U {ZaWH$ hmoBc . AmVm _hmam—> nmQ>~Ymao A{Y{Z`_,1976 (1976 Mm _hmam—> 38) nhm. gZ 1963 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 33 H$c_ 10 A (EH$)Cd`o Aem A{Y{Z`_m`m {H$dm {V`m H$moU`mhr ^mJm`m g~YmV am` gaH$ma`m {H$dm JhmU KoUm`m ~Ho$`m Zmdo `m _OHw$amEodOr hm _OHw$a XmIc H$a`mV Amcm . $ gZ 1988 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 10 H$c_ 9 (A)Cd`o ^w{dH$mg ~H `m eXmEodOr hm ho eX XmIc H$a`mV Amco . $ gZ 1963 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 33 H$c_ 10 A (XmoZ)Ad`o A{WH$ ghm` XoUm`m Ho$r` gWog `m _OHw$amEodOr hm _OHw$a XmIc H$a`mV Amcm . $ (M)O_rZr`m _hgwcmg~Yr {H$dm O_rZ _hgwcm_mUo dgyc H$aVm `oBc Aem H$moU`mhr aH$_og~YrMo emgZmMo gd Xmdo Am{U (H$fr Am{U Jm_rZ {dH$mg ~Ho$Mo){Vcm `oUo Agco`m aH$_og~YrMo gd Xmdo _J Vo nyduMo AgmoV dm ZVaM o `mg AYrZ amhZ _w~B H$OXma eoVH$ar ghm` AYr{Z`_ 1974 Ad`o {H$dm am`m`m H$moU`mhr ^mJmV `m `mdoir A_cmV Agco`m H$moU`mhr Vg_ H$m`md`o {Xco`m {ZdS>mZwgma ^ma (Vgm ^ma Ag`mg ) {Z_mU Ho$cm Agoc Va `mg AYrZ amhZ IS> (H$) {H$dm (I)Ad`o Ho$co`m {VkmnZmV {d{Z{X> Ho$co`m O_rZrda {H$dm {hVg~Ymda (gX`mZo)H$O hUyZ XoUo Agco`m aH$_o~c d Aem aH$_o`m _`mXon`V gWoMm W_ ^ma amhrc. (N>) Am{U {deofH$Z (_hmam—> O_rZ _hgyc A{Y{Z`_ 1966 `mMo H$aU Ahm `mV )H$mhrhr AV^yV Agco Var VXZwgma R>odco`m A{YH$ma A{^coImV IS> (H$) {H$dm (I)Imcr {VkmnZmd`o O_rZrda {H$dm {hVg~Ymda {Z_mU Ho$co`m `oH$ ^mamMm Vnerc (VgoM Agm ^ma {dcw hmo`mg~YrMm Vnerc XoIrc ) g_m{d> H$a`mV `oBc . n>rH$aU`m H$c_m`m n`moOZmH$arVm gWm `m gkoMm AW nwT>rc _mUo hmoVmo (EH$) {OMo ~hg` gX` eoVH$ar AmhoV d {OMo _yi C{X> Amn`m gX`mgmR>r H$O {_i{dUo ho Amho Aer H$moU`mhr gmYZ gWm AWdm (XmoZ) am` emgZmZo gdgmYmaU {H$dm {deof AmXoemXmao `m~m~V {d{Z{X> Ho$cocr H$moUVmhr gWm {H$dm H$moU`mhr gWm`m dJmVrc H$moUVrhr gWm. gWo`m Xo` aH$_m ^mJ {d`mgmR>r {ddmrV H$fr Cnm`m {H$_VrV_YyZ H$amd`m`m dOmVr 48H$(1) H$moU`mhr eoVr`m Cnm`m cmJdS>rgmR>r {ZH$Q>nyddVu H$c_mg AZwgZ H$moU`mhr gWoZo H$O {Xco Agoc {H$dm H$c_ 111 IS> (H$) _`o Z_yX Ho$co`m `moOZmnH$s H$moU`mhr `moOZmgmR>r H$fr d Jm_rU {dH$mg ~H$) AgUm`m BVa H$moU`mhr gWoZo H$O {Xco Agoc Am{U H$moU`mhr H$aUr {OZo Ago H$moUVohr H$O KoVco Amho Aem `$sZo H$moUVohr eoVrMo Cn ) H$moU`mhr {Xder _hmam—> Cn IaoXr {dH$s ({Z`_Z) A{Y{Z`_, gZ 1966 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 12 H$c_ 2 A Cd`o O_rZ _hgyc g~Yr `m eXmZr `m _OHw$amEodOr hm _OHw$a XmIc H$a`mV Amcm . gZ 1988 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 10 H$c_ 9 (~) Cd`o ^y{dH$m` ~H$ `m eXmEodOr ho eX XmIc H$a`mV Amco . gZ 1966 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 12 H$c_ 2 (~) Cd`o `mZo `m eXmEodOr ho eX XmIc H$a`mV Amco . gZ 1966 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 20 H$c_ 20 (A) Cd`o _w~B O_rZ _hgyc ghrVm 1879 `m H$aU (10) (A) {H$dm `mdoir A_cmV Agco`m H$moU`mhr Vg_ H$m`mV `m eXmEodOr ho eX XmIc H$a`mV Amco . gZ 1986 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 20 H$c_ 20 (~) Cd`o ho eX XmIc H$a`mV Amco . gZ 1972 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 2 H$c_ 12 Cd`o ho H$c_ g_m[d> H$a`mV Amco . gZ 1973 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 44 H$c_ 2 (A) Cd`o _wi _OHw$amEodOr hm _OHw$a XmIc H$a`mV Amcm . gZ 1988 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 10 H$c_ 10 (A) Cd`o ^y{dH$mg ~H$ `m eXmEodOr ho eX XmIc H$a`mV Amco . 1963 `m`m H$c_ 30 (H$) Ad`o gd`Z Ho$mda {dH$sgmR>r {Xco Agoc Vohm IaoXrda `mMr Or {H$_V Xo`mMo H$~yc H$a`mV Amco Agoc Aer {H$_V `m_YyZ CZamoŠV (Z_yX H$a`mV Amco`m gWm`m ) Xo` aH$_mMr (* * * )dOmV Ho$`mZVa eoVrMo Cn {dH$sgmR>r Xo`m`mg MwH$Vr H$aoc Am{U `m H$c_mV VaVyX Ho$`m_mUo Aem dOmVrMr a$_ 20 C$ A{Y{Z`_md`o Wmnco`m ~mOma g_rVrg MwH$Vr H$aoc. nydm}„oo{IV H$c_ 30 (H$) _`o VaVyX Ho$co`m nXVrZo eoVrMo Cn {dH$sgmR>r Xo`m`mg Am{U ~mOma g_rVrg Aer a$_ MwH$Vr Ho$`mZVa IaoXrXma eoVrMo Cn {dH$sgmR>r XoUm`mg {H$_V MwH$Vr H$a`m`m Amn`m Xm{`dmVyZ _w$ hmoBc. ( gWmZr {Xco`m H$OmnmoQ>r H$amd`m`m dOmVrMr a$_ (hr am` emgZmg `m~m~VrV gdgmYaU {H$dm {deof AmXoemXmao A{YgyMrV H$aVm `oBc Aem XamZo dOm H$a`mV `oBc VWmnr Agm Xa hm)IXoXrXmamZo {H$_V hUyZ md`m`m EHy$Z aH$_o`m nwT>rc Q>$mnomm Am{YH$ hmoUma Zmhr . (EH$) {dH$sgmR>r {Xcoco Cn D$gmMo Agoc Va100 Q>o$ (XmoZ){dH$sgmR>r {Xcoco Cn (H$mngmMo)Agoc Va 60 Q>o$, (VrZ)BVa H$moU`mhr ~m~VrV40 Q>o$. (2) IaoXrXmamH$Sy>Z a$_ {_im`mZVa ~mOma g_rVr Cn {dH$sgmRr Xo`m`mH$Sy>Z (g~YrV gWmZm ) Xo` Agcocr WH$~mH$sMr a$_ `m n`moOZmgmR>r {d{hV H$amd`m`m dmOdr H$mcmdYrV (`m gWmZm) MyH$Vr H$amd`mMr `dWm H$arc. ~mOma g_rVrZo YZmXoemMr a$_ {_im`mZVa 8 {Xdgm`m AmV Aer Xo` a$_ MwH$Vr Z Ho$`mg ~mOma g_rVr Aem Xo` aH$_mda _w~B gmdH$ma A{Y{Z`_ 1946 Ad`o VmaUm{edm` KoVco`m H$OmgmR>r {Z[MV Ho$co`m `mOm`m H$_mc Xamnomm Am{YH$ hmoUma Zmhr Aem `m~m~VrV {d{hV H$a`mV Amco`m XamZo(g~YrV gWmZm) `mO Xo`mg nm R>aoc.) 1947 Mm _w~B 21 (3) Agm H$moUVmhr IaoXrXma am` emgZ Agoc {H$dm `m emgZmZo Zo_cocm EImXm A{^H$Vm {H$dm A{YH$mar Agoc {H$dm am` emgZmZo `m~m~VrV gdgmYmaU {H$dm {deof AmXoeoXmao A{YgyMrV Ho$cocm H$s`m H$maImZm Agoc {H$dm Aem H$mamIm`mZo Zo_cocm EImXm A{^H$Vm {H$dm A{YH$mar Agoc `m~m~VrV IarXmamZo nydu C„oIco`m gWmZm Xo` aH$_mMr dOmV Ho$`mZVa Cn {dH$sgmR>r XoUm`mcm {H$_V MwH$Vr H$arc Am{U Cn {dH$sgmR>r XoUm`m`m dVrZo Aem dOmVrMr a$_ g~YrV gWmZm nana XoBc. gZ 1973 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 44 H$c_ 2 (A) (XmoZ)Cd`o Z_yX H$a`mV Amco`m ghH$mar gWm `m _OHw$amEodOr hm _OHy$a XmIc H$a`mV Amcm . gZ 1977 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 50 H$c_ 3 (A) (EH$)$Cd`o d `mZVa Z_yX H$a`mV Amco`m _`mXon`V hm _OHw$a dJi`mV Amcm . gZ 1973 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 44 H$c_ 2 (A) (VrZ$)$Cd`o _wi _OHw$am EodOr hm _OHw$a XmIc H$a`mV Amcm . gZ 1977 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 50 H$c_ 3 (A) (XmoZ)$Cd`o hm _OHy$a g_m{d> H$a`mV Amcm . darc AYr{Z`_m`m H$c_ 3 (A) (VrZ) Ad`o H$nmerMo `m eXmEodOr hm eX XmIc H$a`mV Amcm. gZ 1973 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 44 H$c_ 2 (~) Cd`o AZwH$_o `m gWog `m eXmEodOr ho eX XmIc H$a`mV Amco. darc A{Y{Z`_m`m H$c_ 2 (H$) Ad`o nmoQ>H$c_ (3) OmXm XmIc H$a`mV Amco. naVw Cn XoC H$aUm`mZo EH$mhZ A{YH$ gWmH$Sy>Z H$O KoVcr AgVrc `m~m~VrV IaoXrXmamg {nH$mgmR>r {dm`dWm H$a`mgmR>r {H$dm hJm_r {dm`dWm H$a`mgmR>r {H$dm eoVr`m BVa `moOZmgmR>r {dm`dWm H$a`mgmR>r AR>am _{h`mhZ H$_r Zgoc Am{U nmM dfmhZ AYrH$ Zgoc Aem _wXVrV naV\o$S> H$a`mOmo`m Xo` aH$_oMr _`mXm Am{U H$moU`mhr H fr Am{U Jm_rU {dH$mg ~Ho$g Xo` Agco`m aH$_oMr _`mXm cmmV KoCZ Am{U am` emgZ doimodoir XoBc Aem {ZXoem`m (Vgo {ZXoe Ag`mg ) AYmoZVoZo H$O XoUm`m {Za{Zami`m gWm_`o {d^mJ`mV `md`m`m dOmVr`m aH$_oMo _mU {ZYmarV H$aVm `oBc . (n>rH$aU `m H$c_m`m `moOZmH$arVm IaoXrXma `m eXmV Or `$s {dH$sgmR>r XoC Ho$co`m H$moU`mhr eoVr CnZmMr IaoXr {H$_V XoBc {H$dm {O`mH$Sy>Z gWo`m Im`mda {H$dm A^rH$Vm hUyZ {H$dm H$moU`mhr Xyg`m `ŠVr`m dVrZo Aem {H$_VrMm ^aUm H$aVm `oBc Aem H$moU`mhr `$sMm g_mdoe hmoVmo. 49 (1) gWo`m gX`mg gWo`m {`W Aem AWmZo H$aman H$Z XoVm `oBc H$s Amncm _mcH$ AmnUmg md`m`m doVZmVyZ AWdm _OyarVyZ H$amanmV {dZr{XQ> Aem hm_`o H$mnyU Ko`mg d `mM_mUo Aer H$mnyU KoVcocr a$_ gX`mH$Sy>Z gWocm Xo` Agco`m H$moU`mhr F$UmMr {H$dm A` XoUo aH$_oMr naV\o$S> H$a`mgmR>r gWoH$S>o ^amd`mg gm_ Agoc. Aem H$amanmMr gWo`m A{YH$m`mZo arVga gmmH$sV Ho$cocr EH$ V gWoH$SyZ _mcH$mcm nmR>dr`mV `oBc. {dd{mV ~m~VrV gWoMm Xmdm nwam H$a`mgmR>r doVZmVyZ H$nmV.* (2) (Aem H$amanmMr V {_im`mda ) gWoZo Ver coIr _mJUr Ho$cr AgVm Am{U Omon`V gWocm Xo` hUyZ H$amanm`m VrV Xe{dcocr EHy$U a$_ H$mnyU KoCZ Vr gWocm Xo`mV `oV Zmhr Vmon`V )_mcH$ Aem H$ama nmZwgma a$_ H$mnyU KoBc Am{U Aem arVrZo H$mnyU KoVcocr a$_ hr OUy `m {Xder Vmo Vr a$_ XoBc `m {Xder doVZ XmZ A{Y{Z`_ 1936 Ad`o Ad`H$ Ag`m_mUo `mZo XoUo Agco`m doVZmMm ^mJ Amho Ago g_OyU gWoH$S>o ^arc. 1936 Mm 4 (3)nydJm_r nmoQ>H$c_md`o Ho$cocr _mJUr {_im`mZVa Oa _mcH$ _mJUrV {d{Z{X> Ho$cocr a$_ g~YrV gX`mg XoUo Agco`m doVZmVyZ {H$dm _OwarVwZ H$mnyU Ko`mg H$moU`mhr doir H$gya H$arc {H$dm H$mnyZ KoVcocr a$_ gWoH$S>o ^a`mg H$gya H$arc Va (Aer a$_ Am{U `m H$maUr _mcH$mZo a$_ H$mnyZ KoVcocr Agoc naVw Aem H$mnwU KoVco`m aH$_oMm ^aUm gWoH$S>o H$com Zgoc `mH$aUr Aer a$_ gWocm a$_ `m qXZmH$mcm Xo` hmoVo `m {XZmH$mcm gw hmoUm`m d gWocm aH$_oMm `om ^aUm Ho$`m`m {XZmH$ gnUm`m _wXVrgmR>r gWm gX`mcm gZ 1988 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 10 (~) Ad`o ^y{dH$mg ~Ho$g `m eXmEodOr ho eX XmIc H$a`mV Amco . gZ 1977 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H _mH$ 50 H$c_ 3 (~) Ad`o ho n>rH$aU OmXm XmIc H$a`mV Amco . 1986 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H$_mH$ 20 H$c_ 21 (A) Ad`o nmoQ>H$c_ (1) ho ~Xcr XmIc H$a`mV Amco . darc A{Y{Z`_m`m H$c_ 21 (~) (EH$) Ad`o Ago H$aman H$Z H$X`mZVa `m eXmEodOr ho eX XmIc H$a`mV Amco. darc A{Y{Z`_m`m H$c_ 21 (~) (XmoZ) Ad`o Omon`V Ago gnyU F$U {H$dm _mJUr MwH$Vr Pmcocr Amho gWm H$i{dUma Zmhr Vmon`V `m eXmEodOr ho eX XmIc H$a`mV Amco. darc A{Y{Z`_m`m H$c_ 21 (H$) Ad`o C$ a$_ Xo`mg _mcH$ `$se O~m~Xma Agoc `m _OHw$amZo gw hmoUm`m Am{U mW_ Xo`mV `oBc `m _OHw$amZo gnUm`m _OHw$amEodOr hm _OHw$a XmIc H$a`mV Amcm. OodT>m XamZo `mO AmH$maVo `m`m XrS>nQ> XamZo `mdarc `mO Xo`mg _mcH$ `{$e O~m~Xma Agoc Am{U Aer a$_ d Vrda H$moUVohr `mO Ag`mg `mgh {Z~YH$mZo {Xco`m _mUnm`m AmYmao `m _mcH$mH$Sy>Z O_rZ _hgwcm`m WH$~mH$s_mUo dgwcm`mo` Agoc Am{U Aer a$_ d Vrda `m_mUo Xo` hmoUmao `mO `mZm WH$sV _Owarg~YmV _mcH$mda `oUm`m Xm`rdmBVH$mM AJH _ {_ioc) (4) `m H$c_mVrc H$moUVmhr _OHw$a H$moU`mhr aodo_`o (^maVm`m gdrYmZmV AWmVJV)Am{U ImZr_`o d Vocmom_`o H$m_mda cmdco`m `$sZm cmJy AgUma Zmhr . _mJrc nmZmda