Co-operative Laws


Indias first web portal dedicated to co-operative sector

_w`nmZ ghH$mar gWm em{UH$ B-_oc ghH$mar H$m`Xo ghH$ma gm{h` ghH$ma {dmghm` BVa gWm g d XeZ


H$aU AmR> coImnarmm,MmH$er,{Z{amU Am{U n`domU, coImnarmm 81(1)(H$) `m `m gWocm am` emgZ {H$dm emgH$s` CnH$_ `m`m H$Sy>Z doimodoir Xo`mV Amco`m h_rgh {dm ghm` Xo`mV Amco Agoc (Am{U {eIa gWm, am` d {Ohm Vamdarc gKr` gWm, {Ohm _`dVu ghH$mar ~H$m ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZo, ZmJar ghH$mar ~H$m, ghH$mar gyV {Ja`m, {Ohm Am{U VmcwH$m ghH$mar {dH$s d IaoXr gKQ>Zm Am{U am` emgZ amOnmVrc A{YgyMrXmao doimodoir {d{Z{X> H$arc Aer H$moUVohr gWm {H$dm gWmdJ `m`m ~m~VrV ) {Z~YH$ `oH$ ghH$mar dfmV {ZXmZ EH$Xm {heo~mMr coImn[amm H$arc {H$dm `m~m~VrV `mZo coIr {Xco`m gdgmYmaU {H$dm {deof AmXoemXmao mYrH$V Ho$co`m `$sXmao Vr H$adyZ KoBc. (I) IS> (H$) _`o {Z{X> H$a`mV Amco`m gWmhZ A` gWm `oH$ ghH$mar dfmV {ZXmZ EH$Xm {Z~YH$mZo R>odco`m coImn[amH$ Zm_rHo$Vrc coImn[amH$mXmao {H$dm BpQQ>`yQ> Am\$ MmQ>S> AH$mCQ>g Am\$ B{S>`m `m gWoZo {Xcoco ghH$ma coImn[amm _mUn YmaU H$aUm`m EImm gZXr coImnmcmXmao Amn`m {heo~mMr coImn[amm H$a`mMr VOdrO H$aVrc. ( * * * * * ) naVw (* * * {Z~YH$ H$maUo coIr Z_wX H$Z `m H$maUmVd Aem H$moU`mhr gWoMr H$moU`mhr dfm`m co`mMr H$moU`mhr doir coImn[amm H$ eHo$c {H$dm H$adyZ KoC eHo$c,) (2) nmoQ>H$c_ (1) Imcrc coImn[amoV Imcrc ~m~rMr VnmgZr {H$dm nS>VmiUr `m Jmo>r AV^wV AgVrc `m Aem (EH$) H$moUVohr F$Uo Ag`mg `m`m ~amM H$mi WH$co`m aH$_m : (XmoZ) amoI {e„H$ d H$OamoI Am{U gWo`m _mm d Xm{`d `mMo _y`mH$Z. gZ 1986 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H$_mH$ 20,H$c_ 43 (A) Ad`o nmoQ>H$c_ (1) ~Xcr XmIc H$a`mV Amco. gZ 1994 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H$_mH$ 13,H$c_ 8 Ad`o emgH$s` CnH$_ {H$dm {dmr` gWm `m`mH$Sy>Z doimodoir Am{U Aem `oH$ gWo`m ~m~VrV {V`m `m _OHw$amEodOr hm _OHw$a XmIc H$a`mV Amcm . gZ 1996 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H$_mH$ 4 (~) Ad`o Xwg`m naVwH$mVrc dJi`mV Amco . darc A{Y{Z`_m`m H$c_ 4 (~) Ad`o Xwg`m naVwH$mVrc AmUIr Ago H$s hm _OHw$a dJi`mV Amcm. gZ 1986 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H$_mH$ 20,H$c_ 43 (~) Ad`o nmoQ>H$c_ (2) g_m{d> H$a`mV Amcm. (VrZ) {V^yVr`m AmYmao gWoZo {Xcoco H$O d AmJmD$ aH$_m Am{U KoVrcocr F$Uo `om` H$mao {V^yV H$a`mV Amcocr AmhoV {H$dm H$go Am{U Aem VhoZo {Xcocr H$O} {H$dm AmJmD$ aH$_m {H$dm KoVcocr F$Uo `m AQ>rda Xo`mV Amcr AgVrc `m AQ>r gWocm d {V`m gX`m`m {hVg~YmZm ~mYH$ R>aUm`m AmhoV {H$dm H$go : (Mma) Ho$di nwVH$ ZmoXrXmao gWoH$Sy>Z Ho$co OmUmao `dhma gWo`m {hVg~YmZm ~mYH$ R>aUmao AmhoV {H$dm H$go (nmM) gWoZo {Xcocr H$O} d AmJmD$ aH$_m R>odr hUyZ XmI{d`mV Am`m AmhoV H$m` : (ghm) d`$sH$ IM _hgycr co`mda ^m[aV H$a`mg Amcm Amho H$m`: (gmV) Amn`m C{>m`m nwa:gaUmW gWocm H$mhr IM Amcm Amho H$m` : (AmR>) emgZ {H$dm emgH$s` CnH$_ AWdm {dm gWm `mZr gWocm `m C{X>m`m nyV}gmR>r ghm` {Xco Agoc `m`mgmR>rM `m ghm`mMm `mo`H$mao dmna gWoZo Ho$cm Amho H$m`: (ZD$) gWm gX`m~m~VMr Amncr C{XX>o d Am~YZo `mo` H$mao nma nmS>V Amho {H$dm H$go.) (2H$) am` emgZm`m _Vo gw`mo` `mnmar Vdo {H$dm `mo` dm{Up`H$ Wm `mZm AZwgZ H$moU`mhr gWoMo {H$dm gWm dJmMo `dWmnZ hmo`mMr Imr{ea VO{dO H$a`mgmR>r gmdOZrH$ {hVm`m >rZo Vgo Amd`H$ Ag`mg am` emgZ AmXoemXmao (Aer gWm {H$dm Agm gWmdJ am` emgZ doimodoir {ZpMV H$arc Aem Z_w`mV coIo V`ma H$arc d R>odrc Am{U `m AmXoemV {d{Z{X> H$a`mV `oBc Aem gWoMr {H$dm gWmdJmMr n[a`` coImn[amm {H$dm H$m` coImn[amm {H$dm Xmohr n[amm H$a`mV `m`mV Agm {ZXoe XoC eHo$c. (2I) nmoQ>H$c_ (2H$) Imcr H$moUVmhr AmXoe H$mT>`mV Amcm Agoc `m~m~VrV {Z~YH$ Aem gWoMr {H$dm gWmdJmMr coImn[amm,n[a`` Am{U H$m` coImnmc A{Y{Z`_ 1959 `m H$c_ 3 Imcr WmnZ H$a`mV Amco`m ^maVr` n[a`` Am{U H$m` coImnmc gWo`m Om gX` Agoc Aem n[a`` coImnmcmXmao H$adyZ KoBc. (3) (H$) {Z~YH$mg {H$dm mYrH$V `$sg coImn[amo`m `moOZmgmR>r gWo`m _mcH$sMr {H$dm gWo`m A{^amoV AgVrc Aer nwVHo$, coIm, XVEodO, H$mJXno, amoIo, amoI a$_ {H$dm BVa _mc_mm hr gd doir nhm`mcm {_iVrc Am{U `mg H$moU`mhr `$sg gWo`m _w`mc``m {H$dm {V`m H$moU`mhr, emIo`m H$moU`mhr OmJr Vr VwV H$a`m- H$arVm ~moc{dVm `oBc. (I) gWoMr {H$dm gWmMr nwVHo$ A{^coI, coIo Am{U Aer BVa H$mJXno `mMr VnmgUr H$a`mgmR>r d amoI aH$_oMr nS>VmiUr H$a`mgmR>r dm`wdoJr nWH$ nmR>d`mg {Z~YH$ gm_ Agoc nwT>rc H$m`dmhr H$aUo Amd`H$ Pm`mg `m `moOZmdmVd dm`wdoJr nWH$mMm Ahdmc hm coImnarmoMm Ahdmc Amho Ago g_O`mV `oBc. gZ 1986 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H$_mH$ 20,H$c_ 43 (H$) Ad`o nmoQ>H$c_o (2 H$) Am{U (2I) g_m{d> H$a`mV Amco. gZ 1988 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H$_mH$ 10,H$c_ 16 Ad`o hm _OHw$a g_m[d> H$a`mV Amcm. gZ 1986 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H$_mH$ 20,H$c_ 43 (S>) Ad`o nmoQ>H$c_ (3) cm `m H$c_mMm IS> (H$) Ago ZdrZ AmamH$Z Xo`mV Amco d IS> (I) Am{U (J) OmXm XmIc H$a`mV Amco. (J) {Z~YH$mcm {H$dm `m~m~VrV `mZo mYrH$V Hoo$co`m `$scm H$moU`mhr gWo`m co`mMr MmMUr coImn[amm H$aVm `oBc {H$dm H$adyZ KoVm `oBc. `m MmMUr coIm narmoV {d{hV H$a`mV `oVrc Aem ~m~r`m VnmgUrMm g_mdoe Agoc. (4) Or `$s gWo`m A{YH$mar {H$dm Or H$moU`mhr doir gWoMm A{YH$mar {H$dm H$_Mmar hmoVr Aer `oH$ `$s Am{U gWoMm `oH$ gX` d _mOr gX` gWo`m `dhmamg~Yr d H$m_H$mOmg~r, {Z~YH$ {H$dm `mZo m{YH$V Ho$cocr `$s \$_mdrc `m_mUo _mhrVr nwadrc. (5) nmoQ>H$c_ (1) Ad`o Zo_co`m coImn[amH$mg gWo`m dmfuH$ gdgmYmaU ~H$mVrc H$m_H$mOmMm `m ^mJmer coImn[afH$ hUyZ `mMm g~Y `oV Agoc, `m H$moU`mhr ^mJmg~YmV Amncr ~mOy Aem ~R>H$sV _mS>`mMm h$ Agoc. (5) H$moU`mhr gWo`m coImn[amo`m AmoKmV Oa H$mhr coImnwVH$m_`o {H$dm BVa XVmdoO gWo`m _mOr {H$dm AmOr A{YH$m`mcm {H$dm H$_Mm`mcm Jwhm`m AmamonmV JmodUmam Agm `m`m {dX H$moUVmhr nwamdm AV^V Amho Aer coImn[amH$mMr Imr Pmcr Agoc Va coImn[amH$ Vr ~m~ darV {Z~YH$mcm H$idrc Am{U {Z~YH$m`m nydnadmZJrZo coImnwVHo$ {H$dm XVmEodO AQ>H$mdyZ R>ody eHo$c Am{U gWocm `mMr nmoMnmdVr XoC eHo$c. (5I) coImn[amH$ `mZo Vnmgco`m co`mda Am{U `m {XZmH$mg d `m H$mcmdYr n`V coImn[amm H$a`mV Amcocr Amho, `m {XZmH$mg d `m H$mcmdYrn`V Agco`m pWVr_mUo Vmio~X Am{U Z\$mVmoQ>m nH$ `mda {Z~YH$mZo {d{Z{X> Ho$co`m dnmVrc coImn[amm{df`H$ kmnZmda arVga ghr H$Z gWocm Am{U {Z~YH$mcm gmXa H$arc Am{U `m`m _Vo d `m`m Am`mdV _mhrVr_mUo Am{U `mcm gWoZo {Xco`m IwcmemZwgma C$ A{Y{Z`_mXmao {H$dm `mImcrc Amd`H$ Ho$cocr gd _mhrVr {_iVo H$m` Am{U gWo`m {dmr` `dhmam~m~V `WmV` d dN> >rH$moU hmoVm {H$dm H$go `m~m~V {ZdoXZ H$arc) (6) {Z~YH$mg gWo`m AOmdZ {H$dm A`Wm gWo`m H$moU`mhr coImMr nwhm coImn[amm H$aUo Amd`H$ Amho {H$dm B> Amho Ago AmT>iyZ Am`mg `mg AmXoemXmao Aem H$mao nwhm coIm narmm H$a`mMr `dWm H$aVm `oBc Am{U gWo`m coImn[amo`m g~YmV cmJy hmoUm`m `m A{Y{Z`_m`m VaVwXr Aem nwhm H$amd`m`m coImn[amog cmJy hmoVrc. co`mVrc XmofmMr XwVr. 82. cJVnyddVr H$c_md`o Ho$co`m coImn[amodZ gWo`m H$m_H$mOmV H$moUVohr Xmof Ag`mMo CKS>H$sg Amco Va gWoZocoImn[amo`m Ahdmcm`m {XZmH$nmgyZ VrZ _hr`m`m AmV coImn[amH$mZo {ZX}eZmg AmUcoco Xmof {H$dm {Z`_~m`Vm `m~m~V {Z~YH$mH$S>o n>rH$aU XoBc Am{U Xmof XwV H$a`mgmR>r {H$dm {Z`_ ~mVm Xya H$a`mgmR>r Cnm``moOZm H$arc Am{U `mda {VZo Ho$cocr H$m`dmhr {Z~YH$mcm H$idrc VgoM {Z~YH$mg AmXoemXmao Ago Xmof gwYma`mgmR>r Aem XoemV {d{Z{X> H$aVm `oBc Aer Cnm` `omOZm `mV {d{Z{X> Ho$co`m _wXVr`m AmV H$a`m{df`r Aem gWog {H$dm {V`m nX{YH$m`mg {ZXoe XoVm `oBc g~YrV gWm hr EImm gKr` gWoMr gA` Agoc `m~m~VrV Agm AmXoe gKr` gWoer {dMma{dZr_` Ho$`mZVa Xo`mV `oBc. gZ 1986 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H$_mH$ 20,H$c_ 43 (B$) Ad`o nmoQ>H$c_o (5 H$) Am{U (5~) g_m{d> H$a`mV Amcr. {Z~YH$mZo MmH$er H$aUo . 83. (1) {Z~YH$mg d`$sH$ar`m {H$dm `mZo `Wmo{MV[a`m coIr mYrH$V Ho$co`m `$sXmao EImm gWoMr aMZm, {VMo H$m_H$mO d {VMr Am{WH$ {WVr `mMr MmH$er dV: hmoCZ H$aVm `oBc Am{U gWo`m EH$ VVr`me gX`mZr Vgm AO Ho$`mda , Vmo darc nXVrZwgma MmH$er H$arc. (2) AOmda Aer H$moUVrhr MmH$er H$a`mnydu {Z~YH$mg MmH$erMm IM hUyZ (A{^H$WZ Am{U `m AZwfJmZo H$amdr cmJUmar MmH$er , `mMo dn {dMmamV KoCZ Vmo R>adrc Aer a$_ Amn`mH$S>o AZm_V R>od`mg AOXmamg \$_m{dVm `oBc.) AOmV H$a`mV Amcocr A{^H$WZo, MmH$er`m doir gmaV {gX Pmcr Va AOXmamcm AZm_V a$_ naV H$a`mg `oBc Am{U {Z~YH$mg H$c_ 85 Ad`o `m H$c_m_`o KmcwZ Xo`mV Amcocr H$m`nXVr AZwga`mZVa MmH$erMm IM H$moUmH$Sy>Z Am{U H$moU`m _`mXon`V dgyc H$a`mV `mdm, `m~c {ZXoe XoVm `oBc `mM_mUo A{^H$WZo ImoQ>r gVmnOZH$ {H$dm {dXofnyU Ag`mMo {gX Pm`mg {Z~YH$mg Agm IM AOXmamH$Sy>Z dgyc H$a`mV `mdm Agm {ZXoe XoVm `oBc. A{^H$WZo hr ImoQ>r {H$dm gVmn OZH$ {H$dm {dXoenyU ZhVr, naVw Vr Vgo {gX hmoC eH$co Zmhr, Ago MmH$er`m {ZH$mcmdZ {XgyZ Am`mg Agm IM am` emgZmH$Sy>Z gmog`mg `oBc. (3) (H$) `m gWo`m g~YmV MmH$er H$a`mV `oV Agoc, Aem gWoMo gd AYrH$mar gX` Am{U _mOr gX` Am{U MmH$er H$aUm`m A{YH$m`m`m _Vo gWo~m~V _mhrVr nwVHo$ Am{U H$mJXno `m `$s`m Vm`mV AmhoV, Aem BVa H$moU`mhr `$s Amn`mOdi Agoc Aer H$moUVrhr _mhrVr nwadVrc AmUr `m`m A^ramoV {H$dm AYrH$mamImcr AgVrc Aer gWo~m~VMr gd nwVHo$ Am{U H$mJXno VwV H$aVrc, AmUr A`H$mao MmH$er g~Yr `mZm dmOdr [a`m XoVm `oBc Ago gd ghm` MmH$er H$aUm`m AYrH$m`mg XoVrc. (I) Oa Aer H$moUVrhr `$s Or nwVHo$ AmUr H$mJXno IS> (H$) Ad`o VwV H$aUo {VMo H$V` Agoc, Aer H$moUVrhr nwVHo$ {H$dm H$mJXno, {Z~YH$mH$S>o {H$dm nmoQ>H$c_ (1) Ad`o `mZo mYrH$V Ho$co`m H$moU`mhr `$sH$S>o VwV H$a`mg {H$dm {Z~YH$mZo {H$dm `mZo mYrH$V Ho$co`m `$sZo CnIS> (H$) AZwgma {Vcm {dMmaco`m H$moU`mhr ZmMo Cma Xo`mg ZH$ma XoBc Va {Z~YH$mg {H$dm {Z~YH$mZo H$gya H$aUm`mg nmMeo n`mhZ AYrH$ Zgoc BVŠ`m XS>mMr {emm XoVm `oBc. `m H$c_md`o XS> hUyZ cmXcoco H$moUVrhr a$_ {Z~YH$mZo {H$dm `mZo mYrH$V Ho$co`m `$sZo, A{YH$m[aVm AgUm`m XCm{YH$m`mH$S>o AO Ho$`mZVa C$ XS>m{YH$m`mH$SZ OUyH$mhr Vmo `mZo dV: ~g{dcocmM XS> Ag`m_mUo dgyc H$a`m`mo` Agoc. (4)`m H$c_md`o Ho$co`m H$moU`mhr MmH$erMm {ZH$mc, `m gWo`m H$m_H$mOmMr VnmgUr H$a`mV Amcr Agoc `m gWog H$i{d`mV `oBc. (5) {Z~YH$ `m A{YH$m`mH$S>o H$moUVrhr MmH$er H$a`mMo H$m_ gomn{d`mV Amco Agoc Aem A{YH$m`H$Sy>Z H$moU`mhr MmH$erMo H$m_ H$mTy>Z Ko`mg Am{U Vo MmH$erMo H$m_ dV:H$a`mg {H$dm `mg `mo` dmQ>oc Aem BVa H$moU`mhr `$sH$S>o Vo gmon{d`mg gm_ Agoc. F$UJV gWo`m nwVH$mMo {ZarmU 84. (1) gWoMr YZH$mo Agcocr Or `$s (H$) Amnco F$U ho `mdoir `oUo Agcocr a$_ AgyZ, AmnZ Amn`m F$Um`m \o$S>rMr _mJUr Ho$cr hmoVr d `mMr dmOdr doio`m AmV naV\o$S> Pmcocr Zmhr Aer {Z~YH$mMr Imr H$Z XoBc Am{U gZ 1974 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H$_mH$ 3, H$c_ 19 Ad`o nmoQ>H$c_o (1) d (2) hr _wi _OHw$amEodOr XmIc H$a`mV Amcr. gZ 1986 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H$_mH$ 20, H$c_ 44 Ad`o 100 n`mMr a$_ {Z~YH$mH$S>o AZm_V R>od`mg AOXmamg \$_mdrVm `oBc `m _OHw$amEodOr hm _OHw$a XmIc H$a`mV Amcm. (I)gWo`m nwVH$m`m H$moU`mhr {Z[amUm`m IMmXmIc VmaU hUyZ {Z~YH$ gmJoc {VVH$s a$_ {Z~YH$mH$S>o AZ_mV R>odrc, Aem `$sZo AO Ho$`mda {Z~YH$mg `mg Amd`H dmQ>oc Va Aem gWo`m nwVH$mMo {Z[amU H$aVm `oBc {H$dm `m~m~V coIr AmXoe XoCZ `mZo mYrH$V Ho$co`m EImm `$sg Aem nwwVH$mMo {Z[amU H$a`m{df`r {ZXoe XoVm `oBc$. (2) {Z~YH$ `m A{YH$m`mH$S>o {Z[amU H$a`mMo H$m_ gomn{dco Agoc `m gWo`m nwVH$mMo [Z[amU H$a`mV Amco Agoc `m gWog H$idrc . (3) {Z~YH$ `m AYrH$m`mH$S>o {Z[amU H$a`mMo H$m_ gmon{dco Agoc `m A{YH$m`mg {Xco`m {Z[amUmMm H$moUVmhr AmXoe H$mTy>Z Ko`mg Am{U dV: {ZarmU H$a`mg {H$dm `mg `mo` dmQ>oc Aem BVa H$moU`mhr `$sH$S>o Vo H$m_ gmon{d`mg gm_ Agoc. (4) Or gWm `mgZmMr F$Ur Agoc {H$dm {OMo ^mJ^mS>dc (gnyUV {H$dm AeV) emgZmH$Sy>Z nwa{d`mV Amcoco Agoc {H$dm A`Wm {O`m_`o emgZmMm H$moUVmhr Am{WH$ {hVg~Y AV^yV Agoc Aem H$moU`mhr gWo`m g~YmV, {Z~YH$mg `m H$c_mXmao Xo`mV Amco`m {Z[amUmg~Yr`m A{YH$mamMm dV:hZ dmna H$aVm `oBc : MmH$erMm Am{U {ZarmUmMm IM 85.(1) H$c_ 83 Ad`o MmH$er H$a`mV `oBc `m~m~VrV {H$dm {ZH$Q>nyddVu H$c_md`o {Z[amU H$a`mV `oBc Vohm {Z~YH$mg Aem MmH$erMm {H$dm {Z[amZmMm IM {H$dm `mg `mo` dmQ>oc Agm `m IMmMm ^mJ MmH$erMr {H$dm {Z[amUmMr _mJUr H$aUmar gWm gX` {H$dm YZH$mo gWoMo A{YH$mar {H$dm _mOr A{YH$mar Am{U gWoMo gX` {H$dm _mOr AYrH$mar Am{U gWoMo gX` {H$dm _mOr gX` {H$dm _V gX` `m`m gnXo_`o g{d^m{OV H$aVm `oBc. naVw (H$) `m H$c_md`o IM g{d^mOrV H$a`m~m~VMm H$moUVmhr AmoXe Aem AmXoemd`o IM Xo`mMo Xm`rd Agco`m gWoMo {H$dm `$sMo {H$dm _V `$s`m H$m`Xoera Vr{ZYrMo hUZo EoHy$Z KoV`m{edm` {H$dm {Vcm {H$dm `mcm {H$dm `mZm Amncr ~mOy _mS`mMr dmOdr gYr {Xcocr Ag`m{edm` XoVm `oUma Zmhr.> (I) {Z~YH$mZo Agm IM `m H$maUmgmR>r g{d^mOrV Ho$cm Agoc Vr H$maUo Vmo coIr Z_wX H$arc. (2) nydJm_r nmoQ>H$c_md`o {Xco`m AmXoem{dX gWo`{V[a$ BVa H$moU`mhr `$sZo gmXa Ho$co`m H$moU`mhr A{ncmMm H$moUVmhr IM ^mJ{d`mH$arVm gWo`m {ZYr_YyZ H$moUVmhr IM Ho$cm OmUma Zmhr . IMmMr dgycr. 86. {ZH$Q>nydu H$c_md`o IMmXIc hUyZ {ZdS>mXmao {Xcocr a$_ `m `$sH$Sy>Z Vr _mJ`mV Amcr Agoc Aer `$s `m OmJr amhV Agoc {H$dm YXm MmcdrV Agoc `m OmJoda A{YH$marVm Agcocm XS>m{YH$m`mH$S>o {Z~YH$mZo AO Ho$cm AgVm {V`H$Sy>Z dgyc H$aVm `oBc Am{U Agm XS>m{YH$mar Aer a$_ OUy H$mhr `mZo dV:cmXcocm Vmo XS> Amho Ago g_OyZ `m arVrZoM Vr dgwc H$a`mMr H$m`dmhr H$arc . gZ 1974 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H$_mH$ 3,H$c_ 20 Ad`o nmoQ>H$c_ (4) OmXm XmIc H$a`mV Amco. {Z~YH$mZo MmH$erV AWdm {Z[amUmV CKS>H$sg Amcoco Xmof gWo`m {ZX}eZmg AmUUo. 87. (1) Oa H$c_ 83 Ad`o Ho$co`m H$moU`mhr MmH$er`m {H$dm H$c_ 84 Ad`o {Z[amUm`m {ZH$fmdZ gWo`m KQ>ZoV, H$m_H$mOmV {H$dm Am{WH$ pW{VV {H$dm nwVH$mV H$moUVohr Xmof Ag`mMo CKS>H$sg Amco Va {Z~YH$mg Ago Xmof gWo`m {ZX}eZmg AmUVm `oVrc VgoM `mg gWog {H$dm {V`m AYrH$m`mg AmXoe XoCZ, gmV {d{Z{X> H$a`mV `oBc `m doio`m AmV Ago Xmof Xya H$a`mgmR>r AmXoemV {d{Z{X> H$a`mV `oBc Aer Cnm``moOZm H$a`m~c {ZXoe XoVm `oBc. (2) g~YrV gWog nyddVu nmoQ>H$c_md`o {Z~YH$mZo {Xco`m H$moUV`mhr AmXoem`m {XZmH$nmgwZ gmR> {Xdgm`m AmV, `m AmXoem{dX am` emgZmH$S>o Anrc H$aVm `oBc (3) am` emgZmg A{ncmMm {ZU` H$aVmZm {Z~YH$mMm AmXoe {dcmonrV H$aVm `oBc Vmo ~XcVm `oBc , `mV \o$a~Xc H$aVm `oBc {H$dm Vmo H$m`_ H$aVm `oBc . (4) Oa H$c_ 81 Ad`o Ho$co`m coImn[amoV {H$dm `m`m n[aUm_r CKS>H$sg Amcoco Xmof XwV H$a`mV {H$dm {Z~YH$mZo {ZXoe {X`m_mUo Ago Xmof XwV H$a`mV gWoZo H$gya Ho$cr Agoc Am{U AmXoemV {d{Z{X> Ho$co`m _wXVrV am` emgZmH$S>o H$moUVohr Anrc H$a`mV Amco Zgoc {H$dm Aem [aVrZo Ho$co`m AnrcmV am` emgZmZo AmXoe {dcmonrV Ho$cm Zgoc Vro ~Xccm Zgoc {H$dm `mV \o$a~Xc Ho$co ZgVrc Va {Z~YH$mg dV:M Ago Xmof XwV H$Z Ko`mgmR>r Cnm``moOZm H$aVm `oBc Am{U Xmof XwV H$a`mV `m`m _Vo `mZo {H$dm `mZr H$gya Ho$cr Agoc Aem gWo`m EH$m {H$dm AZoH$ A{YH$m`mH$Sy>Z IM dgyc H$aVm `oBc. AnMmar dVH$ dJao{dX ZwH$gmZr AmH$ma`mMm {Z~YH$mMm A{YH$ma. 88. (1) EImm gWoMr H$c_ 81 Ad`o coImn[amm {H$dm H$c_ 83 Ad`o MmH$er {H$dm H$c_ 84 Ad`o {Z[amU Mmcy AgVmZm {H$dm `m gWoMo g_mnZ hmoV AgVmZm {H$dm Aem coIgn[amo`m, MmH$er`m, {Z[amUm`m {H$dm g_mnUm`m n[aUm_r coImn[afH$mZo {H$dm H$c_ 83 Ad`o MmH$er H$a`mg mYrH$V Ho co`m `$sZo {H$dm H$c_ 84 Ad`o nwVH$mMo {Z[amU H$a`mg mYrH$V Ho$co`m `$sZo {H$dm H$c_ 105 Ad`o n[ag_mnH$mZo {Xco`m Ahdmcm`m AmYmao {H$dm A`Wm gWo`m aMZoV {H$dm `dWmnZmV {OZo H$moUVmhr ^mJ KoVcm hmoVm Aem H$moU`mhr `$sZo {H$dm gWo`m H$moU`mhr _V {H$dm _mOr {H$dm {d_mZ A{YH$m`mZo Aem coIm n[amo`m {H$dm MmH$er`m {Z[amUm`m {H$dm g_mnUm`m ma^m`m {XZmH$nydu nmM dfm`m H$mcmdYrV gWo`m H$moU`mhr nemMo {H$dm _mc_moM An`moOZm Ho$co Amho {H$dm `mZo Agm ngm {H$dm _mc_mm R>odyZ KoVcr Amho {H$dm `m`m g~YmV Vmo CmaXm`r {H$dm O~m~Xma Pmcm Amho {H$dm gWo`m ~m~VrV H$moUVohr AnH$m` {H$dm {ddmgKmV Ho$`m~c Vmo Xmofr Pmcm Amho. `m ~c {Z~YH$mMr Imr hmoBc Va {Z~YH$mg {H$dm `m~m~V `mZo mYrH$V Ho$co`m `$sg Aem `$s {dX {H$dm `$s{dX Amamon R>odVm `oBc Am{U g~{YV `$sg Am{U _V `$s`m ~m~VrV {VMr _mc_mm `mcm dmagmZo {_imcr Agoc Aem {V`m {V{ZYrg Amamonm~m~V Cma Xo`mMr dmOdr gYr {X`mZVa {Z~YH$ {H$dm `mZo mYrH$V Ho$co`m `$s `m H$c_mZwgma R>adVrc `m XamZo Oo `mO hmoBc `m `mOmgh Vmo ngm {H$dm _mc_mm {H$dm `m nemMm {H$dm _mc_moMm H$moUVmhr ^mJ `mMr naV\o$S> H$a`mg {H$dm Vmo naV H$a`mg {H$dm Ago An`moOZ Ho$`m~c , R>oCZ KoV`m~c, Anm`H$m`~c {H$dm {ddmgKmV Ho$`m~c ^anmB hUyZ {Z~YH$ {H$dm Aer `$s R>adrc Vr a$_ gWo`m _VoV ^a`m{df`r AmXoe XoVm `oBc. (2) {Z~YH$mg {H$dm nmoQ>H$c_ (1) Ad`o mYrH$V Ho$co`m `$sg `m H$c_md`o H$moUVmhr AmXoe XoVmZm `m AmXoemV `mg `m` dmQ>oc `m_mUo IM {H$dm `mMm H$moUVmhr ^mJ Xo`m~c VaVyX H$aVm `oBc Am{U Agm IM {H$dm `mMm H$moUVmhr ^mJ `m `$s{dX AmXoe Xo`mV Amcm Agoc `m `$sH$Sy>Z dgyc H$a`m~c {ZXoe XoVm `oBc. gZ 1963 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H$_mH$ 33,H$c_ 18 Ad`o Aem {heo~VnmgUr`m MmH$er`m VnmgUr`m {H$dm `dhma ~X Ho$`m~c`m AmXoem`m VmaIonydu`m `m _OHw$amEodOr hm _OHw$a XmIc H$a`mV Amcm. (3) `m~c g~YrV `$s{dX \ mOXmar H$m`dmhr H$aVm `oBc Ago ho H$` Agco Var `mg H$c_ cmJy hmoBc. MmH$er`m \ r nmoQ>r O_m H$amd`mMr a$_ 88H$ {Z~YH$ H$c_ 83 Imcr dV: hmoCZ MmH$erMm {ZU` KoCZ AmXoe XoBc {H$dm H$c_ 88 Ad`o MmH$er g H$arc {H$dm MmH$er H$a`mg mYrH$V H$arc `m ~m~VrV A{^H$WZ Am{U `m AZwfJmZo H$amdr cmJUmar MmH$er `mMo dn {dMmamV KoCZ Vmo MmH$er`m IMm`m ~m~VrV {ZYmarV H$arc {V a$_ dV:H$S>o O_m H$a`mg g~YrV gWocm \$_mdy eHo$c gWocm a$_ O_m H$a`mgmR>r \$_m{dUmam AmXoe {_im`m`m {XZmH$nmgwZ nYam {Xdgm`m AmV Oa Aer {ZYmarV a$_ {Z~YH$mH$S>o O_m H$a`mV Amcr Zmhr Va {Z~YH$mZo {Xco`m _mUnm`m AmYmao Vr a$_ O_rZ _hgycrMr WH$~mH$s Ag`m_mUo dgwcr`mo` amhrc.. CnpWV dJao amh`mg^mJ nmS>`mMm A{YH$ma. 89.H$c_ 83,84 {H$dm 88 Ad`o H$m` H$aVmZm {Z~YH$mg {H$dm `mZo mYrH$V Ho$co`m `$sg {XdmUr {H$`m g{hVm 1908 Ad`o {XdmUr `m`mc`m`m ~m~VrV `m Cnm``moOZoMr Am{U nYXVrMr VaVyX H$a`mV Amcr Agoc `mM Cnm``moOZodXmao d `mM[aVrZo g_g H$mTy>Z H$moU`mhr `$sg ~mocm{d`mMm Am{U {Vcm CnpWV amh`mg ^mJ nmS>`mMm Am{U (enWoda {H$dm {Vkoda {H$dm enWmXmao {VMr VnmgUr H$a`mMm {H$dm H$moUVmhr XVEodO {H$dm A` _hdmMr dVw XmIc H$a`mg ^mJ nmS>`mMm AYrH$ma Agoc. gWo`m H$m_H$mOmMo {Z[amU H$a`mMm A{YH$ma. 89H$ (1) A{Y{Z`_ {Z`_ Am{U gWoMo Cn{dYr `m`m VaVwXrMo gWm `mo` arVrZo AZwnmcZ H$arV Amho . (I) A{^coI Am{U coImnwVHo$ `mo` Z_w`mV R>odcocr AmhoV : (J) gWoMm H$ma^ma gw`mo` `mnmar VdmZwgma Mmcdcm OmV Amho : (K) gWm ghH$mar VdmMo Am{U `m A{Y{Z`_m`m VaVwXr Am{U `m Imcr V`ma H$a`mV Amcoco {Z`_ `m AZwgma am` emgZmZo {Xco`m {ZXoeH$ VdmMo Am{U {ZXoemMo AZwnmcZ H$arV Amho . `mMr Imr H$Z Ko`mgmR>r {Z~YH$ gWo`m H$m_H$mOmMo {Z[amU H$a`mg gm_ Agoc. naVw H$c_ 73 N> Imcr {d{Z{X> Ho$co`m gWoMo {Z[amU H$a`mMo H$m_ {Z~YH$ {H$dm `mZo `m~m~VrV mYrH$V Ho$cocm (Cn{Z~YH$) ghH$mar gWm `m`mnomm Imc`m XOmMm Zgoc Agm AYrH$ma hmVr KoBc. (2) gWmda n`domU H$a`m`m `moOZmW {Z~YH$mg nwT>rc A{YH$ma AgVrc (H$) H$moU`mhr gWoMo A{^coI Am{U coImnwVHo$ `mMo {ZarmU H$aUo d `m `moOZmMo `mcm gWoMo gd A{^coI Am{U coImnwVHo$ H$moU`mhr doiog nmhmd`mg {_iVrc: (I) gWoMo A{^coI Am{U coImnwVHo$ `m`m A{^amoV AgVrc Aem H$moU`mhr A{YH$m`mg {H$dm H$_Mm`mg Vo A{^coI d nwVHo$ AmnUmg_moa hOa H$a`mgmR>r ~mocmdyZ KoUo gZ 1986 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H$_mH$ 20,H$c_ 45 Ad`o >H$c_ 88 H$ g_m{dQ> H$a`mV Amcm . gZ 1963 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H$_mH$ 33,H$c_ 19 Ad`o nwamdm Xo`mgmR>r `m _OHw$amEodOr hm _OHw$a XmIc H$a`mV Amcm . gZ 1986 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H$_mH$ 20,H$c_ 46 Ad`o >H$c_ 89 H$ g_m{d> H$a`mV Amcm. gZ 1949 Mm _hmam—> A{Y{Z`_ H$_mH$ 13,H$c_ 9 Ad`o gh{Z~YH$ `m _OHw$amEodOr hm _OHw$a XmIc H$a`mV Amcm. (3) gWoMo H$m`mo H$m_H$mOmMo dn Am{U gWoMr C{X>o {dMmamV KoCZ am`emgZ amOnmVrc A{YgyMrXmao doimodoir {ZpMV H$arc , Aem XamZr am` emgZmg H$moU`mhr gWoda {H$dm gWmdJmda n`domU \$s cmXVm `oBc. (4) nmoQ>H$c_ (3) Imcr cmX`mV Amcocr \$s Xo`mg Xm`r Agcocr `oH$ gWm am` am` emgZ amOnmV gd gmYmaU {H$dm {deof AmXoe {gX H$Z Aem AmXoemV {d{Z{X> Ho$co Agoc `m _mUo {VVŠ`m H$mcmdYrgmR>r Aem gWocm {H$dm gWmdJmcm Aer \$s ^a`mnmgyZ _m\$s XoC eHo$c AWdm Aer \$s nyUV {H$dm AeV H$_r H$ eHo$c d `m ~m~VrV gyQ> XoC eHo$c. 90. (1) am` emgZmg EImm gWoda {H$dm gWmdJmda n`doeU H$a`mgmR>r {dhrV H a`mV `oBc Aem arVrZo Am{U am` emgZ ~gdrc Aem eVuZm AYrZ amhZ EH$m {H$dm AYrH$ ghH$mar gKr` mYrH$aUmMr aMZm H$aVm `oBc {H$dm `mZm _m`Vm XoVm `oBc Am{U Aem H$ma`m mYrH$aUmg AZwXmZ Xo`m~c {Z`_ H$aVm `oVrc. gWo`m H$m_H$mOmda XoIaoI R>od`mgmR>r gKr` mYrH$aUmMr aMZm H$aUo {H$dm `mg _m`Vm XoUo . (2) am` emgZmg gm_m` {H$dm {deof AmXoemXmao gWmda n`domU R>od`m`m ~m~VrV am` emgZmg {H$dm `m ~m~VrV mYrH$V Ho$co`m `$sZo Omo IM Ho$cm Agoc {H$dm Omo IM hmo`mMm g^d Agoc Vmo IM ^Z H$mT>`mgmR>r {Z~YH$ R>adrc Aem aH$_oMo AeXmZ Xadfu Xo`m~c Aem gWog {H$dm gWm`m dJmg ^mJ nmS>Vm `oBc. (3) nmoQ>H$c_ (2) `m gWog cmJy Agoc Vr gWm dmOdr _wXVrV {d{hV H$a`mV `oBc Aer \$s Aem mYrH$aUmg XoBc Am{U Aer \$s dmOdr _wXVrV Xo`mV {VZo H$gya Ho$`mg Aem mYrH$aUmg C$ a$_ OUy H$mhr Vr O_rZ _hgwcrMr WH$~mH$s Ag`m_mUo dgwc H$aVm `oBc. _mJrc nmZmda